Mouseover the event title for a more detailed description of the event (if available). To search for particular terms in the description of the event enter the term in the box below 'Event' on the table and press 'enter'. Alternatively use the dropdown lists to filter by Person, Place or Science. Click here to clear the filter.
| Date |
Event |
People |
Places |
Sciences |
Bragg shared the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics with his son, William Lawrence Bragg, for the development of X-ray crystallography. Using his experience of ionisation measurements, William H. Bragg managed to construct an X-ray spectrometer to investigate the properties of X-rays. He maintained an active interest in X-ray crystallography until his death. Sciences: 1862-07-02T00:00:00+0000| 2 Jul 1862 | | William Henry Bragg was born in Wigton, United KingdomBragg | Leeds University, University College London | X ray crystallography |
Brodie was an English physiologist and surgeon who made his name investigating the beginnings of disease in different tissues that form a joint. His work paved the way to more conservative treatments in diseases of the joints, which helped to reduce the number of amputations and saved many limbs and lives. He was the first surgeon to become the president of the British General Medical council and to be elected president to the Royal Society. 1862-10-21T00:00:00+0000| 21 Oct 1862 | | Benjamin Collins Brodie diedBrodie | St George's Hospital | Surgery |
Calmette was a physician and bacteriologist who is credited with the discovery that the virulence of bovine tubercle bacilli is weakened when cultured on bile-containing medium. Discovered in 1908, this paved the way to the development of the tuberculosis vaccine Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). The vaccine was first used in newborn infants in Paris in 1921. Calmette also developed a diagnostic test for tuberculosis, known as Calmette's reaction. 1863-07-12T00:00:00+0000| 12 Jul 1863 | | Albert Calmette was born in Nice, FranceCalmette | Pasteur Institute | Vaccines |
Yersin was a physician and bacteriologist who helped to discover the pathogen responsible for the bubonic plague in 1894. The plague bacillus was later named in his honour as Yersinia pestis. Following his discovery, Yersin managed to develop an anti-plague serum using pus excised from a plague victim which he successfully used to treat a Chinese student suffering from plague in 1896. Prior to his work on the plague bacillus, Yersin helped to discover the diphtheria toxin. 1863-09-22T00:00:00+0000| 22 Sep 1863 | | Alexandre Yersin born in Aubonne, Vaud, SwitzerlandYersin | | Bacteriology |
Oscar Hertwig, Albrecht von Kolliker, Eduard Strasburger, and August Weismann independently show the cell's nucleus contains the basis for inheritance.1864-01-01T00:00:00+0000| 1864 - 1865 | | Nucleus shown to contain genetic substanceHertwig, von Kolliker, Strasburger, Weismann | University of Munich, University of Wurzburg, University of Freiburg | Genetics, DNA |
Alzheimer was the psychiatrist and neuropathlogist who is credited with identifying the disease named after him. He first came across the disease in 1901 when a 51 year old female woman, Auguste Deter, was admitted to Frankfurt asylum. Her symptoms included a loss of short-term memory. Alzheimer was able to examine her brain after she died in 1906. Using staining techniques he found her brain contained amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, abnormalities that are now associated with Alzheimer's disease. 1864-06-14T00:00:00+0000| 14 Jun 1864 | | Alois Alzheimer was born in Markbreit, GermanyAlzheimer | Frankfurt Asylum | Neuroscience |
Ivanovsky was a microbiologist who was one of the first scientists to discover viruses. He made the discovery based on a request to investigate a disease that was destroying tobacco crops in the Ukraine, which he carried out while a doctoral student. Initially he believed the destruction was due to mosaic disease, which was commonly linked to bacteria. He then noticed that sap filtered from the diseased plants could transfer the infection to healthy plants. With the microorganism proving invisible even under the highest magnification and able to permeate porcelain filters designed to trap bacteria, Ivanosky concluded the causal agent was an extremely tiny infectious agent. He first described his findings in an article in 1882 and then in a dissertation in 1902.
1864-11-09T00:00:00+0000| 9 Nov 1864 | | Dmitry Iosifovich Ivanovsky was born in Gdov, RussiaIvanovsky | University of St Petersburg | Virology |
Conducting experiments breeding peas, Gregor Mendel, Austrian scientist, demonstrates that the inheritance of certain traits in pea plants follows particular patterns. This lays the foundation for what was to become known as the laws of Mendelian inheritance. Athough Mendel's theory was not recognised until the early 20th century, Mendel's work established the general principles for modern genetics.
1865-01-01T00:00:00+0000| 1865 | | Laws of inheritance establishedMendel | Abbey of St Thomas, Brno, Austro-Hungarian Empire | Genetics |
R. Virchow, 'Ueber das Vockommn und den Nacweis des hepatogenen. inspersondere des katarrhalischen Icterus', Vichows Arch Pathol Anat, (1865), 32, 117-25.1865-01-01T00:00:00+0000| 1865 | | Rudolf Virchow, renowned pathologist, argued jaundice caused by deranged cellular functionVirchow | | |
Picotte was the first Native American woman to gain a medical degree in the USA. She was first inspired to train as a physician when as a child she witnessed a sick Indian woman die because the local white doctor refused to care for her. Picotte opened a hospital in the reservation town of Walthill, Nebraska and set up a private practice to look after both white and non-white patients. She was a strong campaigner to prohibit alcohol on reservations. 1865-06-17T00:00:00+0000| 17 Jun 1865 | | Susan LaFlesche Picotte was born on the Omaha Reservation, USALaFlesche Picotte | | |
Murray was a physician who pioneered the treatment of endocrine disorders. In 1891 he found a successful means of treating myxedema, a severe form of thyroid deficiency, by injecting patients with thyroid extracted from sheep. In order to get the extract he cut the thyroid out of the sheep, strained it through a handkerchief and then prepared emulsions of dried thyroid in glycerine. The patient survived for another 28 years. Murray carried out the work while working at the Royal Infirmary in Newcastle. 1865-06-20T00:00:00+0000| 20 Jun 1865 | | George R Murray was born in Newcastle-upon Tyne, UKGeorge Murray | Royal Infirmary Edinburgh | Endicronology |
Semmelweis was a Hungarian physician of ethnic-German ancestry who in 1847 found that hand-washing with chlorinated lime solutions could dramatically reduce the number of women dying in childbirth from puerperal fever. He developed his method based on his observation that puerperal fever killed as many as 3 out 10 women who gave birth in hospital, but was rare among those who had home births. Believing the disease was possibly transmitted by doctors he insisted that all those who worked under him washed their hands in chemicals between patient examinations. Despite his success in reducing maternal mortality, his method was rejected during his life-time. It only became widespread after the rise of germ theory.
1865-08-13T00:00:00+0000| 13 Aug 1865 | | Ignaz P Semmelweis diedSemmelweis | Vienna General Hospital | Bacteriology |
Remak was a Polish-German embryologist, physiologist and neurologist who is best known for showing that all cells come from the division of pre-existing cells. He first made this discovery while observing red blood cells from chicken embryos in various stages of division. Later on he confirmed the same process happened in the cell of every frog's egg immediately after fertilisation. Remak also discovered unmyelinated nerve fibers and the nerve cells in the heart. Despite his achievements, Remak never gained a full position as professor because of his Jewish background. 1865-08-29T00:00:00+0000| 29 Aug 1865 | | Robert Remak diedRemak | | Embryology, Cell, Neurology |
Harden was one of the key founders of British biochemistry. He won the 1929 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for working out the importance of two enzymes and phosphoric acid during the fermentation process. These he discovered while investigating the fermentation of sugars by bacteria, a project undertaken between 1900 and 1914 that was designed to find a way of differentiating between different groups of Escherichia coli. The work involved grinding bacteria and extracting the intracellular juices.1865-10-12T00:00:00+0000| 12 Oct 1865 | | Arthur Harden was born in Manchester, UKHarden | London University | Biochemistry |
Ernst Haeckel, German biologist and philosopher, proposes the cell nucleus contains factors responsible for the transmission of hereditary traits.1866-01-01T00:00:00+0000| 1866 | | Theory that cell's nucleus contains genetic substanceHaeckel | University of Jena | Cell, Genetics |
Achoff was a physician and pathologist who in 1924 uncovered the reticuloendothelial system. The system is made up of the cells found in various tissues that are phagocytic (capable of engulfing bacteria and other substances). Aschoff also did important investigations into appendicitis, gallstones, jaundice, scurvy, and thrombosis and in 1904 outlined the inflammatory process that is characteristic of rheumatic fever.
1866-01-10T00:00:00+0000| 10 Jan 1866 | | K A Ludwig Aschoff was born in Berlin, Germany (formerly Prussia)Aschoff | University of Marburg, University of Freiburg | Pathology |
Hodgkin was a renowned British pathologist who in 1932 provided the first description of Hodgkin's disease, a form of cancer that originates from a specific type of white blood cells in lymphoma. His work opened up the start of the active involvement of pathologists in the clinical diagnosis and management of disease. He also helped to get histology recognised as a discipline. Hodgkin was one of the earliest promoters of preventative medicine.
1866-04-05T00:00:00+0000| 5 Apr 1866 | | Thomas Hodgkin diedThomas Hodgkin | St Thomas's Hospital, Guy's Hospital | Oncology |
Nicolle was a French bacteriologist who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1903 for identifying lice as the transmission vector for epidemic typhus and by working out how tick fever is transmitted. He also to helped discover the parasite responsible for toxoplasmosis, a common infection that is usually harmless but can cause serious problems in some people. Nicolle also developed a vaccine for Malta fever, a disease now called brucellosis.
1866-09-21T00:00:00+0000| 21 Sep 1866 | | Charles J H Nicolle was born in Rouen, FranceNicolle | | Vaccines |
Morgan is considered the father of the modern science of genetics. He received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1933 for demonstrating how genes carried on chromosomes are the mechanical basis of hereditary. This he determined based on some cross-breeding experiments with the fruit fly (Drosophila) that he conducted between 1908 and 1911. 1866-09-25T00:00:00+0000| 25 Sep 1866 | | Thomas Hunt Morgan was born in Lexington KY, USAMorgan | Columbia University, California Institute of Technology | Genetics |
Fibiger published the first randomisation method for a clinical trial. The aim of the trial, conducted in 1898, was to investigate the effect of serum therapy on diphtheria. Fibiger would later go on to win the 1926 Nobel Prize for Medicine for demonstrating a roundworm could cause stomach cancer in rats and mice. Following his death researchers showed that the roundworm could not cause cancer and were due to vitamin deficiency and that Fibiger had mistakenly confused non-cancerous tumours for cancerous tumours in his experiments. 1867-04-23T00:00:00+0000| 23 Apr 1867 | | Johannes A G Fibiger was born in Silkeborg, DenmarkFibiger | Silkeborg, Denmark | Antibodies, Oncology, Clinical trial |
|
Respond to or comment on this page on our feeds on Facebook, Instagram, Mastodon or Twitter.